This is one of the most fascinating books I have read in recent memory. Hutchinson, writing in a style reminiscent of Malcolm Gladwell (who actually wrote the book's foreword) or Freakonomics investigates how the human body works and how it can be pushed to its limits - or beyond what we often perceive as our limits. The book was initially inspired by the chase to run a marathon in under two hours - a conquest many believe to be beyond the limits of human capability. The record has since been broken, but only in a very controlled and optimized setting, leaving questions remaining, but opening the door for the possibility much wider than previously considered. This is one of many principles Hutchinson looks at to bridge where psychology and physiology interrelate to define our limits. Once something is proven to be possible, it suddenly becomes attainable to a far wider audience; this is one of the clear psychological barriers. While the book does not definitively conclude how much is mind vs how much is body in defining limits, it clearly uncovers that the mind plays a much larger role than we like to give credit. Hutchinson references, and indeed observes, many ingenious studies aimed to identify what the true physiological limits are - from explorers in wild conditions, to elite athletes, to living and dead animals having their muscles stimulated by electrical currents. One of the central pillars is that the human body has many self-regulatory systems that act as a governor to keep us from approaching anywhere near our actual limit. As one of many examples, he considers the limits of oxygen deprivation. By looking at ultra free divers, a familiar pattern emerges that they must psychologically manage. Holding one's breath for an extended time begins with discomfort, a signal to the brain that oxygen is needed. If one continues to avoid breathing, the diaphragm will begin to spasm to try to force a breath. If one continues to refrain the task actually becomes easier for a time and a second wave occurs allowing the extension of holding one's breath. This is because the spleen sequesters a cache of oxygenated blood to be released in case of emergency. The true limit is far beyond what most people consider because few will willingly push themselves to the point of the spleen anticipating death and offering a final boost (clearly, this is not something a normal person should strive for). There are obviously much more pedestrian examples like how, if racers are running all out in an olympic race, is it possible that most are able to increase their pace in the last stages of the race? Or why, if access to glycogen stores is critically important, do most top marathoners allow their glycogen stores to deplete over the course of the race rather than keep them topped up? Or, more psychologically, it has been revealed that rinsing one's mouth with carbohydrate rich solution and spitting it out has a nearly identical impact on performance to actually drinking it (the suspicion here is that there is an as-yet unidentified pathway from the mouth that signals to the brain carbohydrates are coming, allowing an override of the governor that would otherwise signal you to reduce your effort). There are dozens of studies, real world examples, and fascinating stories, backed up by the biology and chemistry of how it works, that reveal so much about how our bodies work in the everyday and in the extreme limits of exertion. All of it is remarkably digestible and written almost like a series of mysteries to resolve. Simply put: this is a brilliant, enlightening, and entertaining book that will teach you about the limits of that which we're capable and why, even if it doesn't necessarily provide all of the answers.
Endure: Mind, Body, and the Curiously Elastic Limits of Human Performance
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Last update: 01-10-2025
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Top reviews from the United States
C. Rodman
Fascinating insights about human physiology at the limits
Reviewed in the United States on October 28, 2024Duane Schneider
Well-Researched but Maybe TOO Well-Researched?
Reviewed in the United States on March 4, 2019Kent R. Spillner
Well-written and fascinating to read
Reviewed in the United States on April 10, 2023Michael P Preston
Running!
Reviewed in the United States on August 14, 2024Angela
Excellent writing, pages turn
Reviewed in the United States on July 22, 2023RTM
Interesting Ideas About the Limits of Human Performance
Reviewed in the United States on April 30, 2021